Glorious autumnal woodland with crisp brown leaves littering the narrow footpath and the tall beech trees resplendent in yellow and orange — The coppice at Bradenham, Chilterns Countryside, Buckinghamshire | © National Trust Images/Hugh Mothersole

Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire & Berkshire

Bradenham beech woods walk

This walk takes you from the pretty Chiltern village of Bradenham into the Bradenham Estate and a classic Chiltern landscape that blends hills topped with beech woodlands and gently rolling valleys. You'll get a number of glimpses into the deep and varied history of this part of the Chilterns, ranging from ancient earthworks to wartime bunkers and ballrooms.

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Total steps: 14

Start point

National Trust car park in Bradenham village, near the cricket pavilion. Grid ref: SU827969. Satnav: HP14 4HF.

Step 1

From the car park, head away from the village green, following the track that runs alongside the wall to Bradenham Manor’s garden. The track turns left at the corner of the wall. Follow the track uphill. After it bends sharply to the left again, the track forks. Take the left fork, parallel to the manor house garden wall. Where the track curves right, go straight ahead on a footpath, ignoring any joining paths. After 440 yards (400m), you'll come across some large pieces of rock that look like weathered concrete.

Puddingstones and sarsens

Puddingstones comprise well-rounded flint pebbles in a very hard silcrete matrix. The flints originate from ancient chalk rock that was weathered and eroded away when sea levels rose in the Palaeocene epoch, leaving behind tough flint nodules. Some of these flints were subsequently rounded into pebbles on ancient beaches, associated with shorelines that extended across Buckinghamshire and Hertfordshire. The matrix of the rock is sandy, and it's cemented together by silcrete, which formed under the same warm, semiarid climate around 20 million years ago. None of the puddingstones are in the place they were originally formed, although they have probably not moved far. Further along the path, you'll find another piece of puddingstone, part of which appears smoother and finer grained. This is an unusual piece of rock which is part puddingstone and part sarsen stone. The sarsens represent an ancient river deposit, but they have been cemented into hard sandstone by silcrete in much the same way as the puddingstones. You'll see more puddingstones and sarsens later on the route.

Step 2

Continue along the path until you reach a distinct crossing path. Turn left, then immediately take the left fork towards a footpath sign by a road. The road here possibly follows the line of The Queen’s Gap or Ride.

Step 3

Cross the road with care, and then continue along a bridleway. The path takes you in a more or less straight line through beech woods and across the head of a small valley that dips to your left. After the path bends to the right, you'll come to a fork in the path with a marker post in the centre. Take the right fork, initially keeping parallel to the chain link fence on your right. After passing a log jump for runners on your right, you'll come to a junction of three paths. Take the middle path, straight ahead and just to the left of a small marker post. Follow this path round to the right. About 100 yards (91 metres), after passing a marker post, you'll reach a fork. Continue slightly right ahead towards a second marker post. Just past this post you'll cross a causeway over Grim's Ditch.

Grim's Ditch

Grim's Ditch is a section of earthwork that consists of a ditch and low upstanding rampart. It's a scheduled ancient monument. The name is given to a number of prehistoric bank and ditch earthworks found in various places across the chalk uplands of southern England. Archaeologists believe Iron Age people built the earthworks around 300 BC. The purpose of these earthworks remains a mystery, but they may have served to mark the boundaries of territory as they're too small to have been used for military purposes. Even the origin of the term Grim isn't clear, although the word was commonly used by Anglo Saxons to name features of unexplained or mysterious origin. The word possibly derives from the Old Norse word grimr, meaning devil or mask, and is one of numerous nicknames given to Odin (or Woden), the God of war and sorcery.

Step 4

Continue in the same direction for about 150 yards (137 metres) until you reach a T-junction with a wooden fence ahead.

Grim's Ditch

Grim's Ditch is a section of earthwork that consists of a ditch and low upstanding rampart. It's a scheduled ancient monument. The name is given to a number of prehistoric bank and ditch earthworks found in various places across the chalk uplands of southern England. Archaeologists believe Iron Age people built the earthworks around 300 BC. The purpose of these earthworks remains a mystery, but they may have served to mark the boundaries of territory as they're too small to have been used for military purposes. Even the origin of the term Grim isn't clear, although the word was commonly used by Anglo Saxons to name features of unexplained or mysterious origin. The word possibly derives from the Old Norse word grimr, meaning devil or mask, and is one of numerous nicknames given to Odin (or Woden), the God of war and sorcery.

Step 5

Turn left at the T-junction. The cleared area you pass for the next 80 yards (73 metres) on your left is the site of a cluster of buildings built and used by the RAF during the Second World War. Explore this area while taking care on the uneven surfaces, before continuing along the path. This area can become quite overgrown in the summer months, and the foundations of the buildings may not be easily visible from the footpath. About 160 yards (146 metres) beyond the RAF site turn left on to a downhill track away from the boundary fence. After another 220 yards (200 metres), turn right uphill onto a crossing path next to a footpath marker. Then, after another 50 yards (46 metres), turn left at a T-junction. Follow this path around to the right and downhill until you join a wide track coming uphill from your left. Around 15 yards (14 metres) after joining this track, another path forks left away from the track. Almost opposite on the right is a cylindrical green pillbox dating from the Cold War.

RAF site

In 2019, a team of National Trust rangers and volunteers worked with the RAF and National Trust archaeologists to clear the vegetation that had grown over the foundations of old Second World War RAF buildings, close to the RAF High Wycombe compound at Walters Ash. The buildings once included a large mess hall that was sometimes used for ballroom dances. On special occasions, coaches were laid on to bus in young women from High Wycombe as dance partners for the RAF personnel.

Step 6

Take the left fork, following a path uphill. This soon levels out, becoming a track that meanders through Park Wood. Pass a footpath sign on a post and, after 440 yards (402 metres) look out for a shallow circular depression in the ground just over a metre deep, immediately to the right of the track. This is the remains of one of the many sawpits, associated with ‘bodgers’ and the High Wycombe Chair industry. These were a common sight in the 19th century. After the sawpit continue to a fork in the track just next to a small depression on the right.

Step 7

At the fork in the track, turn right past a more open area on the right containing a pond. This may be concealed by vegetation in the summer months. Pass to the right of a marker post, and then continue for 30 yards (27 metres) to another white marker post. Turn right onto a much narrower footpath, which wanders through trees. The narrow path turns right past a fallen tree and then crosses a deep ditch to reach a T-junction.

Park Wood

Archaeological surveys undertaken in Park Wood have revealed a fascinating past for this quiet area of deciduous woodland. Lynchets and banks within the woods provide evidence of ancient field systems, which may date back to the late Iron Age/early Roman period. In the beech woodland opposite the pond there's evidence of a late 13th or early 14th-century homestead. In Tudor times the woodland was a deer park. Much of Park Wood was converted to beech woodland from the late 18th until the early 20th century to cater for the High Wycombe furniture industry. Associated features include sawpits, tracks and charcoal burning platforms.

Step 8

At the T-junction turn left, following the path downhill for 600 yards (548 metres). Ignore two joining paths next to footpath markers. On reaching a junction in front of a wooden kissing gate that leads into the conservation area at Small Dean Bank, turn right, following a sunken path uphill. The path curves to your left and follows the inside edge of the woodland, with Small Dean Bank on your left. After 200 yards (183 metres) you'll meet a crossing path leading to a gate on your left. Go through the gate, where you can pause to admire the far reaching views across the Saunderton Valley towards Bledlow Ridge and Lodge Hill. Cross Small Dean Bank on a steep downhill path that leads through a gate to the National Trust car park.

Small Dean Bank

Adjacent to the car park, is an area of permanent grassland rich in flora and fauna, that's now in the care of the National Trust. The Trust successfully reintroduced the rare Duke of Burgundy butterfly here in 2011 (full name: His Grace the Duke of Burgundy butterfly, hamearis lucina). Considerable work has been done to ensure the habitat at these sites is suitable for the butterfly's lifecycle. This is a great local conservation success story for a species that, on a national scale, is one of the most rapidly-declining butterflies in the UK.

Step 9

From the car park, turn left, following the narrow lane downhill. This is usually a very quiet lane, but please keep a look out for traffic. After 270 yards (247 metres), you'll reach the buildings of Small Dean Farm. Turn left, following a footpath sign. Follow a track past some farm sheds on your right until you reach a field. Turn left and follow the path along the left field boundary for 765 yards (700 metres).

Conservation strips

After Small Dean Farm, the route enters agricultural land which is managed by the National Trust's tenant farmer. Along the eastern edge of the field is a broad conservation strip between the cultivated field and the field boundary. The conservation strip contains a wide variety of wildflowers, which attract butterflies, beetles, bees and other pollinating insects. The strip is a wildlife haven, but it also helps to reduce soil erosion and enhances the pollination of agricultural crops. The fields here are also nesting sites for ground-nesting birds such as skylarks.

Step 10

As you reach the end of the woodland on your left, you'll see the Art Deco buildings of The Residence ahead of you, although this may be obscured by trees in summer. Turn left, again following the left field boundary. Pass through a gap in the trees, turn left uphill then immediately right, and continue following the left field boundary for another 440 yards (402 metres).

Saunderton's industrial past

The large Art Deco building ahead of you was formerly the offices of a pharmaceutical company, but is now being converted into apartments. The site was once occupied by a brick and flint workhouse, built in 1843, with accommodation for 450 inmates. The workhouse was founded in the 18th century, and by the Victorian era it had become the main workhouse for the Union of High Wycombe. The workhouse was one of the most secure houses in the region, and regular absconders from other workhouses were often moved here because of its remote location. Only one small white building from the workhouse remains today. In the field between you and The Residence, archaeologists have found the remains of a bloomer, a type of furnace once widely used for smelting iron.

Step 11

As you approach the corner of the field, turn left uphill along a short, wide avenue towards an area of tall, mature woodland (part of Park Wood). As you approach the woodland, turn right and continue downhill along a clear path, following the left field boundary. After 440 yards (402 metres) you'll meet a crossing track.

Step 12

Cross the track, and with a fence on your right, continue along the field's edge towards Bradenham. After another 440 yards (402 metres), pass through two gates to a track which emerges into Bradenham Village, by the former youth hostel's car park near the village pond.

Cold War bunker

By the 1970s the original Bomber Command bunker was becoming too small to host modern communications and information systems, and was inadequate to give protection against modern conventional bombs, let alone the nuclear, biological or chemical threats that existed during the Cold War. In 1979, the decision was taken to build a completely new facility, designed to withstand large shock loads, and to enable it to be 'closed down' for several weeks. This new Strike Command Operations Centre, colloquially known as 'The Bunker', is situated on land leased from the National Trust beyond the Second World War bunker that was mentioned at step 5. Considerable care was taken to replace natural flora, and to continue existing hedgerows over the completed earth-covered site. Work began on the site in May 1982, using a temporary access road through Park Wood from the widened A4010 north of Bradenham village. The track you crossed at point 12 is all that remains of that temporary access road. The RAF began using the bunker in January 1989.

Step 13

From the car park, cross the road. Here you'll see further examples of sarsens and puddingstones along the edge of the village green. Keeping the churchyard wall on your left, head along the edge of the village green, past the parish church of St. Botolph.

The parish church of St. Botolph

The church was restored in 1863 by G.E. Street, although the south door dates from the early Norman period and is reputedly the oldest church doorway in Buckinghamshire. The earliest part is the nave, dating from 1100. The remainder of the building dates from the 14th century onwards, the north chapel being added in 1542. In the medieval tower hang two of the oldest bells in England, that were cast in around 1300. The Church contains a tablet to Isaac D’Israeli and his wife, both of whom lie at rest here. The building stones are local, consisting of flint with some sarsen stones and Portland limestone (from North Bucks).

Step 14

Continue past the gate to Bradenham Manor House. After a few more yards, you'll arrive back at the car park where your walk began.

Bradenham Manor (not open to the Public)

There has been a manor house at Bradenham since the 13th century, when it was a property belonging to the Earl of Warwick. In 1566 Queen Elizabeth I was entertained here by Lord Windsor. The current manor house was substantially built in the 17th century, with tall sash windows, steep roofs and slim brick chimneys. In the 19th century it was the home of Isaac D'Israeli, who died here in 1848 and is buried in the church. His son Benjamin Disraeli, who became Prime Minister, lived here for much of his early life. Disraeli spent much of his adult life at the nearby Hughenden Manor, which is also a National Trust property. Hughenden Manor is open to the public throughout the year.

End point

National Trust car park in Bradenham village, near the cricket pavilion. Grid ref: SU827969. Satnav: HP14 4HF.

Trail map

A map of the Bradenham beech woods walk | © Crown copyright and database rights 2013 Ordnance Survey

View of the manor and the church in Bradenham village in February at Bradenham Estate, Chilterns Countryside, Buckinghamshire

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01494755565

hughenden@nationaltrust.org.uk

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Total steps: 14

Total steps: 14

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Trail map