Our work at Ham House and Garden

Cleaning the figure of Mars on the chimneypiece in the Great Hall at Ham House, Surrey with paintings in the background. — Cleaning the figure of Mars on the chimneypiece in the Great Hall at Ham House, Surrey | © National Trust Images/Chris Davies

Ham House and Garden has stood the test of time for the last 400 years. Find out what happens behind the scenes to keep the historic house, collection and garden in top condition for future generations to enjoy. From using scaffolding for dusting at heights to gathering hay with Shire horses, our work at Ham House and Garden is really varied.

Our work in the house

Throughout the year every intricate detail of Ham House needs to be inspected, cleaned and conserved. The conservation team have a huge amount of knowledge about the collection and the specialist skills needed to care for it.

One day might involve inspecting the moulded ceilings, with their fine cornicing and gilding. The next day might be spent analysing the condition of intricate objects or polishing the marquetry floors walked on by centuries of past inhabitants and visitors.

Specialist equipment

When working on an object or piece of furniture, the conservation team use specialist tools and techniques to carry out their work. Some of our tools are adapted to our specialist needs, such as low suction hoovers which remove dirt without damaging objects.

If you spot us using some of this equipment or examining an object, feel free to ask us what we’re doing. It’s a privilege to get so close to these extraordinary objects but it’s even more of a joy to share the hidden details with visitors.

The winter clean

The winter clean allows us to carry out delicate and more complex conservation tasks, such as putting up scaffolding to access the hard-to-reach places. It’s also a great opportunity to look at objects and spaces from a different perspective and notice signs of wear that need our attention.

When we start the deep clean in the winter, we work in a logical way from the top to bottom of a room. It is amazing to see how much dust can accumulate after one year.

We have a large collection of condition reports for each object in the house. Historic objects have their own personalities and quirks, and condition reports allow us to the track small but significant changes that tell us how an object is doing over the course of its centuries-old lifespan.

Damage prevention

Our work in the house includes, where possible, preventing damage from happening in the first place – whether it's due to light, humidity or pests. Take a walk around the house and you might notice the subtle ways we monitor these things.

Light is one of the main causes of damage to objects – leading to faded colours in fabrics and tapestries, in particular. The effects of light damage on paintings and furniture were well understood by people in the 17th century and we carry on the tradition of covering the collection during the winter to let it ‘sleep’.

Gardener carefully trimming the cone-shaped hedges at Ham House and Garden, London, with an electric trimmer. — Gardener at Ham House carefully maintaining the topiary | © National Trust Images/Chris Lacey

Our work in the garden

Ham’s historic borders, wilderness and productive kitchen garden re-create and reflect the garden of its 17th century residents. The garden team use a Conservation Management Plan to guide the garden’s development, making sure to balance its important history with the needs of visitors in the context of a changing climate.

Gardening for nature at Ham House

The team at Ham have gardened using organic principles for over a decade; here are some of the ways we put nature at the centre of what we do:

Flowering plants: We grow as many different flowering plants as we can so there’s always something in bloom, giving food to wildlife all year round. We choose plants that produce lots of flowers for a long time so that every space works as hard as it can.
Homemade compost: We make all our own compost for the garden. Recycling all our green waste helps create healthy soil and healthier plants.
Tree planting: We are planting more trees because we know this is the single most impactful thing we can do for wildlife. If a tree has to be taken down, we will leave the stump if we can, as this provides homes for insects, and food and shelter for birds.
Habitat creation: We are reducing our mowing and keeping some areas of long grass as habitat and food for insects. We’re also creating ‘everlasting’ log piles in both shady and sunny areas – when they break down, we add to them creating the perfect places for fungi, moss and lichens to grow and a valuable home for insects and rare animals, such as frogs and toads.
Peat free: All plants grown at Ham House are peat free. Peat is an incredible material that, if protected, provides a natural habitat to a wealth of wildlife, preserves ancient relics beneath the ground and helps keep today’s air clean.

Battling to keep the box trees healthy

Ham House’s Cherry Garden is a spectacular box parterre, filled with lavender and hundreds of metres of clipped topiary. Using a design inspired by the 17th century, we care for 80 large box cones and 250m of dwarf box hedging. When an eagle-eyed visitor spotted an unusual caterpillar on one of the box hedges, the garden team was concerned.

Box tree moths

Native to Asia, the box tree moth (Cydalima perspectalis) was first reported in the UK in 2008. The caterpillars can turn a plant completely leafless, before damaging the wood and causing it to die. The plants in the Cherry Garden were quickly beginning to show patches of dieback.

After talking to a range of experts, the garden team starting using pheromone traps to catch male moths, monitor their numbers and lifecycle and help reduce the numbers reproducing. They also trialled a biological spray using a naturally occurring soil bacteria to control the population.

Help was also discovered from a surprising source – jackdaws. The small black crows were spotted feasting on box moth caterpillars, reducing fears that the insects weren’t attractive to native predators.

A new approach to box pruning

After noticing that the jackdaws were most effective on hedges that had been partially stripped of leaves, making the caterpillars easier to spot, we’ve been exploring pruning in a more open style that allows increased air flow and gives the birds easier access to the caterpillars.

Hay cutting by Clydesdale horses on meadow at Ham House Surrey — Hay cutting with Clydesdale horses on the meadow outside Ham House, Surrey | © National Trust Images/Chris Davies

Caring for the meadows around Ham House

Some of the meadows near Ham House, including the meadow between the front of Ham House and the River Thames, are also in our care. These areas are mowed by large 'draught' or 'heavy' horses, including breeds like Clydesdale and Comtois. Cutting the meadow in this traditional way helps to maintain the ideal conditions for native wildflowers to flourish. This helps to increase biodiversity and climate resilience in the meadows.

Thank you

With your ongoing support, we're able to continue our vital conservation work. Thank you for helping to protect these special places.

Family framed by a square opening in a hedge at Ham House and Garden, London

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