Our work to care for Dunwich Heath

The heather at Dunwich Heath 

Despite being a hardy species, heather requires management to thrive. We cut it in such a way that there's a mosaic of varying ages across the site – this means that all the heather won't reach the end of its life in one go. In areas where there is young heather of a similar age and height, we cut it and leave it to regrow from the plants. 

There are three types of heather at Dunwich: bell heather, cross-leaved heather and ling heather. The bell and cross-leaved heather are at their best in late July, whereas the ling heather is at its peak in early August. The purple-pink flowers are a delicate contrast to the tough, wiry stems that they grow on. In long, hot spells, the flowers can dry out, so aim to visit after recent rainfall. 

In some parts of the UK, management of heathland is achieved through burning. We don’t do this, as the risk of fires getting out of control and destroying the entire heath is far too great. By cutting and scraping the heather, we create sun traps for reptiles and insects, and can use the cuttings and seedlings to encourage or restore new heath. We also share the cuttings with other organisations, such as the RSPB, and private owners. 

Mount Pleasant Fields 

Managing Mount Pleasant Fields is much easier, as we use nature’s own mowers – sheep. Over the winter, we use four breeds of sheep: white-faced woodlands, Hebrideans, Herdwicks and Manx Loaghtans. These keep the heather and gorse down, and allow the acid grassland to flourish.  

The sheep return to their usual grazing on Orford Ness in the spring, whereupon the scrubby vegetation grows up again to provide shelter for the rare birds that rely on it. Without this specific habitat, these birds would be under even greater threat.

Managing trees at Dunwich Heath

Since Dunwich is mainly heathland, trees are at a premium. Silver birch and pine crop up in places, and where the Heath gives way to less sandy soil, other varieties such as oak, ash, sycamore and chestnut grow. We have to manage the silver birch by removing the odd stray branch, as it’s such a fast-growing tree. We also check for ash dieback and Dutch elm disease.

Dunwich Heath and Climate Change

Climate change is having an effect across the globe, and it is felt just as keenly on our little stretch of the Suffolk coast, each habitat having to deal with a changing climate and what that means for the ecology within.

The heath - Hotter, drier summers are pushing the limits of what the heather can cope with. 2022 saw a drought in the summer months, right in the middle of flowering season, the consequence of which was almost the entire heath with little to no flowers, and in some cases the plants dying out entirely, especially the younger. There is also the increased risk of fire. The warmer climate has further impact in the shape of the heather beetle, which eats the flowers and sucks moisture out of the stems. Warmer winters are not reducing the beetle population as before, so booms occur more frequently, giving the heath less time to recover from their impact. It is hoped that nature will balance itself out with a population boom of heather shieldbug, which eats the heather beetle, in the year after a heather beetle rise.

The cliffs - Stronger storms as a consequence of climate change have not damaged the cliffs so far, except the top of the cliffs due to sudden heavy rainfall. This is thanks to the depth of the shingle beach in front of the cliffs protecting the base, and vegetation forming on the slope holding the face together. However, should the violence of storms increase, or changing weather patterns alter the strength of the tides, the shingle could be washed away and the cliffs exposed once more, with potentially dramatic consequences.

The woods -  Again, rising temperatures globally, and hotter, drier summers have an effect. The maturer trees can withstand the extreme lack of rainfall and high temperatures, but the younger trees do not have the root depth to cope, and there were several stands of young trees that suffered greatly in the summer of 2022. Furthermore, as with the heather, the warmer temperatures are not killing off burrowing insects, but also fungi that can damage or kill the trees.

The grasslands - The resilient grasslands that make up Mount Pleasant fields are the best suited to cope with increasing temperatures, and hotter, drier summers, but the risk of fire increases dramatically. All it takes is a spark and whole swathes can be lost.

How you can help

There are several things you can do to help us manage the effect of climate change on Dunwich Heath:

1. Put your litter in the appropriate bins provided (general waste or recycling). This reduces the chance of sunlight catching on a packet and igniting the undergrowth. You could also take a litter picker and bin bag from Visitor Welcome out on your walk and collect litter as you go, with a free drink at the end as a reward when you return the equipment!
2. Keep an eye out for smoke or other signs of fire and report it to a member of staff or volunteer. We will then investigate.
3. Stick to footpaths at all times. This ensures the plant life on site is not trampled or disturbed and stays in the best shape it can be.
4. Pick up a book from the second-hand bookshop, where your donations go directly toward conservation efforts on site, purchase some food or drink from the tearoom, or pop some money in the pin badge donation pots and take away a reminder of your time spent at our beautful site.
5. Volunteer as part of our conservation team, working alongside the ranger to manage the heath and ensure its survival for years to come. For more information head to our volunteering information page

 

Thank you 

With your ongoing support, we're able to continue our vital conservation work. Thank you for helping to protect these special places.